Essay on The Evolution of the Power of the Presidency

The Evolution of the Power of the Presidency The views of the presidency by the first sixteen presidents varied widely but all of their actions set precedents for their successors to use, expand, or even curtail the power of the office. Some believed in the Whig theory of strict adherence to the constitution, while others believed the president was the steward of the people with a loose interpretation of it. The power of the office expanded through the years, however it only expanded as far as the public and congress allowed. George Washington was the first President of the United States of America and realizing this he acted carefully and deliberately, aware of the need to build an executive structure that could accommodate future†¦show more content†¦President Jefferson was the first to pass out the rewards of the spoils system. In his second term he became the first President to use economic sanctions against a foreign power, with the embargo act of 1807, in order to achieve a goal. With the exception of the Louisiana Purchase, Jeffersons administration was a negative presidency in that it rolled back federal policies. His economic policies enabled future presidents to use the foreign treaty powers as a weapon in diplomatic negotiations with other countries without interference from congress. In the election that ended the Era of good feelings(1824) John Q. Adams won the presidency. While he was not a very powerful president himself, he is responsible for the beginning of the legislative role of the presidency. He believed the role of the president was to be a steward of the people and favored a loose interpretation of the constitution. He advocated internal improvements such as better roads, canals, schools, and a better army and navy. The action of Adams in an attempt to get the federal government to finance those projects is the basis that is used to legitimize federal funding even today. Andrew Jackson is arguably one of the most influential presidents in history. He believed that government had a social obligation to the people and that it was the most democratic branch. He was the first president to create a grassroots politicalShow MoreRelatedPresidency as an Institution1265 Words   |  6 PagesThe Presidency as an institution Both the administration of Carter and Reagan were shaped by the Cold War in the aftermath of Watergate. Watergate created cynicism of the government, which in turn made governing difficult both intentionally as well as improvisational because the institution of the President was seen as acting in the best interest of itself. President Jimmy Carter and President Ronald Reagan both had their difficulties as President. Carter had terrible problems with economics asRead More Presidency as an institution Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pages The Presidency as an institution Both the administration of Carter and Reagan were shaped by the Cold War in the aftermath of Watergate. Watergate created cynicism of the government, which in turn made governing difficult both intentionally as well as improvisational because the institution of the President was seen as acting in the best interest of itself. President Jimmy Carter and President Ronald Reagan both had their difficulties as President. Carter had terrible problems with economics asRead MoreThe President Of The United States1037 Words   |  5 Pagesexpect this to be the case. Constitutional provisions limited the early presidency. James Madison, the Father of the Constitution†, was worried that the power balance tilted toward the House of Representatives. 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Our elected officials follow the same rule of law as the people they govern, and it is the electorate’s hope that the laws they enforce are inevitably followed. However, this is not always the case, and during the thirty-seventh presidency of the United States, the people’s trust of our executive office was shaken by a corrupt Nixon

Decline Of Oil Industry And How Humanity Has Become So...

This report focuses on the decline of the oil industry and how humanity has become so reliant on it. It discusses how we as a society have come this far to rely on oil, what our world will be after peak oil, and what we can to do prevent peak oil or reduce the impact of peak oil. Since oil was discovered, it was clear just how useful it could be. Every component in crude oil was found to be useful in one form or another by processes such as distillation and catalytic cracking. After realizing that the world supply of oil is not endless, society did not make efforts to stop the reliance on oil, but instead invest more money into it. Now, we are closer than ever to running out of our oil supply, yet we are still putting money towards†¦show more content†¦Though there are arguments as to when this depletion in oil will begin, it is undeniable that the lack of oil will cause tremendous problems to today’s society. In order to avoid the sudden drop in production, we must make moves to prepare ourselves and incorporate new and different technology to replace all that we use oil products for. History For as long as most people can remember, oil has been depended on. Though oil has been used for thousands of years, it has only been popularized in the last couple centuries. Oil began as living organisms living in the ocean many years ago. These organisms absorbed sunlight and stored carbon, upon dying, they sunk to the bottom of the ocean to be buried underneath layers of sediment and other organisms. Due to the amount of heat and pressure from the bottom of the ocean, either natural gas or petroleum is formed. (Shah) Beginning of Oil The first oil drilling was in 1859 in Pennsylvania by the Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company of Connecticut. J.D. Rockefeller became interested and knew that the industry was soon to be big and, he

General Biology Ii Study Guide (Online Class) Free Essays

string(79) " Jellies and corals are members of the same _____, all members of which _____\." 1. Is the gametophyte stage dominant in Bryophytes? Yes or No 2. Most plants have vascular tissue; these constitute the ________ plants. We will write a custom essay sample on General Biology Ii Study Guide (Online Class) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Vascular 3. Seeds can lie dormant for many years. True 4. Bryophytes are small because they lack ______. Vascular Tissue 5. Leaves increase the surface area for photosynthesis. True 6. Seeds contain _____ inside of a protective coat. Nutrient supply, embryo 7. Angiosperms produce seeds that are often enclosed by _____. Fruit 8. _____ transports water in vascular plant. Xylem 9. Pollen is usually dispersed by _____. Wind 10. A ________________ is an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat. Seed 11. Which phylum includes ferns? Phylum Pterophyta 12. ________________ are organs that anchor vascular plants. Roots 13. What is the difference in reproduction between a blueberry bush and a pine tree? Pine trees do not produce flowers and produce seeds that are not enclosed by fruit. Blueberry bushes produce flowers and produce seeds enclosed by fruit. 14. Seedless vascular plants reproduce via spores contained inside seeds. False 15. Experiment 2 in lab showed that _____. Plants take up carbon dioxide. 16. Non-vascular plants are commonly called ______. Bryophytes 17. Which phylum are the moss in? Bryophyta 18. Bryophytes require _____ for fertilization to occur. Water 19. A fern is a seedless vascular plant. True 20. Lab experiment 1 for this week clearly showed that _____. Aquatic plants will produce gas when exposed to light. 21. Gymnosperms do not produce seeds. False 22. _____ transports sugars in vascular plants. Phloem 23. Describe two things that are unique to angiosperms that help them in reproduction. They have flowers and the ability of â€Å"double fertilization†. 24. A ______ is a passageway for oxygen and carbon dioxide. They are holes in the underside of a leaf. toma (pl. stomata) 25. Vascular tissue arrangement is directly related to the stem’s ability for _______________ growth. Secondary 26. Trichomes can protect a plant from predation by herbivores. True 27. The ground tissue cells called _____ cells are the most common type of plant cell and carry out photosynthesis. Parenchyma 28. Which part of the root would you look in if you wanted to find a cell going through mitosis (cell reproduction)? Zone of cell division 29. Which type of vascular tissue allows the movement of water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves? Xylem 30. What structure protects the root as it pushes its way through the soil? Root cap 31. All plant cells contain secondary cell walls. False 32. _______________ meristems are located at the tips of stems and roots. Apical 33. Which type of plant tissue is for protection? Dermal 34. Which type of vascular tissue carries sugars to all parts of the plant. Phloem 35. The alternate form of leaf arrangement is the most common of the three types of leaf arrangement. True 36. What are plant cell walls made of? Cellulose 37. Vascular plants have a have a specialized circulation system composed of [x] and [y]. X=Xylem, Y=Phloem 38. Which plant organ is a beet? Root 39. Guard cells are responsible for closing and opening the lenticellular maculation. False 40. The diffusion of water vapor from a plant is called ____. Transpiration 41. Some kinds of plants live without ever making contact with the soil. True 42. Which plant organ helps to anchor them in the soil and absorb water and minerals? Roots 43. Explain why the carnation changed colors in Experiment #2 in the Plant Circulation lab. The process of water moving through the vascular tissue of the plant. As the water moved through the flower it carried the dye with it. 44. Lateral meristems are found in plants that exhibit ____ growth. Secondary 45. The shoot system consists of the underground portion of the plant. False 46. Secondary growth is an increase in the _____ of the plant. Width or girth 47. _____ are members of the phylum _____ and feed by _____. Sea anemones †¦ Cnidaria †¦ using stinging cells to capture small animals that venture too close to them 48. Planarians lack dedicated respiratory and circulatory systems because none of their cells are far removed from the gastrovascular cavity or from the external environment because they are flat. 49. Annelids _____. have a mouth that is separate from the anus and segments 50. A sponge’s structural materials (spicules, spongin) are manufactured by the Amoebocytes 51. In sponges which cell captures food? Choanocyte or collar cell 52. In most insects, gas exchange is accomplished by _____. A tracheal system with spiracles, trachea, and tracheoles 53. A land snail, a clam, and an octopus all share Membership in Phylum Mollusca 54. A major characteristic of arthropods is _____. A chitinous exoskeleton and jointed appendages 55. In arthropods, molting is necessary because _____. The hard exoskeleton cannot grow. 56. Humans most frequently acquire trichinosis (infection by Trichinella spiralis) by Eating undercooked pork 57. Which of the following describe(s) echinoderms? Tubefeet provide motility in most species 58. Which clade in the phylum Cnidaria includes â€Å"jellies† with rounded (as opposed to boxlike) medusae? Scyphozoa 59. Sponges are most accurately described as Aquatic filter feeders 60. Sponges lack _____. All of the listed responses are correct. 61. Consider the following list of animals: giant squid, earthworm, largemouth bass, snail, tapeworm, coral, and starfish. The two that belong to the same phylum are the _____, and their phylum is _____. giant squid and snail †¦ Mollusca 62. Corals are most closely related to which group? Sea anemones 63. Which letter is pointing to the part of the flower that attracts insects? H 64. Which letter is pointing to the stamen? A 65. An unidentified species of animal displays the following characteristics: bilateral symmetry, a complete digestive system, an open circulatory system, distinct body segmentation, it has six jointed walking legs, and it molts when it grows. To which of the following animal phyla does this species most likely belong? Arthropoda 66. Jellies and corals are members of the same _____, all members of which _____. You read "General Biology Ii Study Guide (Online Class)" in category "Papers" phylum †¦ have special stinging cells on their tentacles 67. A terrestrial mollusc without a shell would be called a _____. Slug 68. Leeches are members of the phylum _____. Annelida 69. Tapeworms are highly specialized worms that make their living as endoparasites. To which of the following phyla do the tapeworms belong? Phylum Platyhelminthes 70. Sponges feed by _____. Filtering small particles from water Read also Lab 2 Biology 71. An active marine predator is found possessing these characteristics: a series of tentacles (eight of them modified from the foot) on its head, a highly developed nervous system, and elaborate eyes. To which of the following animal classes does this organism most likely belong? Cephalopoda 72. List the four key characteristics of chordates. Notochord Dorsal hollow nerve cord Muscular post anal tail Pharyngeal slits 73. What is the single unique characteristic that distinguishes extant birds from other extant vertebrates? Feathers 74. Most reptiles are ______ which means they cannot regulate their own body temperature. Cold-blooded and ectothermic 75. How would you tell the difference between a reptile egg and a bird egg? The reptile egg will have a flexible leathery shell and the bird egg will have a hard shell. 76. A sea star is an invertebrate. True 77. If an animal has hair, feeds its young milk, an lays eggs it is a ______. monotreme platypus echidna spiny anteater 78. Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough? It allows deposition of eggs in a terrestrial environment. 79. Turtles are reptiles. True 80. What is the main difference between the skeleton of a shark and a trout? The shark has a skeleton made of cartilage, while a trout has a skeleton made of bone. 81. Sharks are classified in which class? Chondrichthyes 82. Birds _____. Warm-blooded 83. Chordates have ___________ symmetry. Bilateral 84. The gill flap, or operculum, was an important adaptation for fish because it helps with _____. Maintaining a supply of action 85. Which of these characteristics added most to vertebrate success in relatively dry environments? The shelled, amniotic egg 86. A frog is an invertebrate. False 87. Amphibians can lay their eggs on land without fear of them drying out because they lay eggs with a flexible shell. False 88. The opossum is an example of a(n) _____ mammal. Marsupial 89. Which of the following animals is an amphibian? Caecilian 90. A kangaroo or an opossum is a ______. Marsupial 91. All mammals _____. Nourish their offspring through mammary glands 92. The swim bladder of ray-finned fishes Provides for regulation of buoyancy. 93. Habitat loss, the spread of a fungal disease, climate change, and pollution are causing severe population declines and extinction in _____. Amphibians 94. Pick the example of the invertebrate chordate from the list below. Lancelet 95. Some sharks are viviparous, which means that _____. The young develop within the female’s body. 96. Which of the six major types of connective tissue has a rigid matrix that contains collagen and calcium salts? Bone 97. In vertebrates the space between cells if filled with blood. False 98. Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up Organs 99. __________ animals generate heat by metabolism. Endothermic 100. Food processing, absorption, and distribution in your body are mainly accomplished by the _____ systems. Digestive and circulatory 101. Do hormone signals functions faster than nerve signals? No 102. Ligaments are what kind of connective tissue? A type of fibrous connective tissue 103. Positive feedback differs from negative feedback in that The positive feedback’s effector responses are in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite to it. 104. Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by Smooth muscle 105. Fibroblasts secrete Proteins for connective fibers 106. Hormones _____. All of the listed responses are correct. 107. __________ is the study of the biological functions an organism performs. Physiology 108. Endothermy Is a characteristic of animals that have a fairly constant body temperature. 109. What covers the outside of the body and lines the organs and cavities within the body? Epithelial tissue 110. _____ feedback most directly maintains homeostasis because it _____. Negative †¦ tends to keep a system at a desirable â€Å"set point† 111. Which of the following are connective tissues? Adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood 112. The cells lining the air sacs in the lungs make up a Simple squamous epithelium. 113. Explain what happened to your egg or bone in lab this week, why it happened, and what caused it. The egg shell or bone softened and became flexible because the calcium salts were removed from the egg shell or bone by the vinegar (mild acid). 114. Tendons connect bones at joints. False 115. If we could only carry out digestion but not absorption we would die. True 116. List the three major types of blood vessels. Arteries, veins, and capillaries 117. When you shiver your muscular system is _____. Producing heat 118. Interstitial fluid once it has entered the lymphatic vessels is called ____. Lymph 119. Which system eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body? Urinary system 120. Which type of muscle is voluntary? Skeletal 121. Weight bearing exercise will do what for the skeleton? Strengthen it 122. The organs that produce sperm are the ovaries. False. 123. When your body needs calcium for the blood where does it come from assuming the diet is inadequate? The bones or skeletal system. 124. The organ level of structural organization comes before the tissue level of structural organization. False 125. The integration and command center of the body is the _____. Central nervous system 126. Which pigment is most responsible for dark skin color? Melanin 127. One function of the integumentary system is to make vitamin _____. D 128. The tube that leads into the lungs is called the ____. Trachea 129. Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart? Arteries 130. Which type of muscle would propel food through the digestive tract? Smooth 131. Place the following regions of the skin in the correct order from top (most superficial) to bottom (deepest). Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis 132. List the two components of the central nervous system. Brain and spinal cord 133. The digestive process depends on _____. Enzymes 134. The kidneys are part of which system? Urinary 135. The body system that forms the external body covering is called the ____ system. Integumentary 136. What kinds of cells does the skeletal system make? Blood cells 137. The system that returns interstitial fluid back to the blood is the ___ system. Lymphatic 138. The liver is part of the digestive system. True 139. Mammary glands are specialized sweat glands that produce milk. True 140. How are humans altering the carbon cycle? Burning fossil fuels 141. The phosphorous cycle depends on the weathering of ____. Rock 142. Herbivores eat ____. Plants 143. The nitrogen cycle relies heavily on ____. Bacteria 144. Fertilizer use will alter the nitrogen cycle balance. True 145.The competitive exclusion principle states that two species cannot coexist in a community if their niches are identical. True 146. Deforestation and herbicide use will increase the loss of nutrients from the soil. True 147. Which type of consumer preys on the producers? Primary consumer 148. Acid rain will remove calcium from the soil just like it removed calcium from the egg or bone in lab. True 149. What drives the global water cycle? Solar energy 150. Competition may limit the growth of both species involved. True 151. A ______ includes all the organisms inhabiting a particular area. Community 152. The type of symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is not significantly affected is called ____. Commensalism 153. The gradual colonization of barren rocks is called _____. Primary succession 154. ________ may occur when a shared resource is limited. Competition 155. Which of the following trophic levels would have the lowest population size? Tertiary consumer 156. What two processes does the carbon cycle depend on? Cellular respiration and photosynthesis 157. Energy flows into ecosystems in the form of _____ and exits in the form of ______. Light energy, heat 158. Which pH did the radish seeds grow best at? The radish seeds would have grown best at a pH near neutral (pH 7) 159. Predation can lead to adaptations like _______ and ________ such as poisons. Camouflage and chemical defenses 160. Food chains interconnect forming _____. Food webs 161. What process is essential for recycling nutrients in an ecosystem? Decomposition 162. How much of the energy stored at each trophic level is available to the next level? 10% 163. Thorns and poisons are a defense against ______. Herbivores 164. List the three types of symbiotic relationships. Parasitism, commensalism, mutualism. 165. Dams alter ecosystems both upstream and downstream. True 166. Which type of resource cannot be replenished? Non-renewable 167. _______ is the variety of life on earth. Biodiversity 168. Wetlands filter pollution and limit flooding. True 169. Modern farming practices reduce the loss of ____. Topsoil 170. Alien species in an area can cause ____. Extinction 171. Popcorn trees are an example of an alien species. True 172. Desertification removes the base of the food chain. True 173. Light pollution can affect ecosystems. True 174. ______ ______ produce greenhouse gases. Fossil Fuels How to cite General Biology Ii Study Guide (Online Class), Papers

Impact of relocating sendong survivor of barangay bayug iligan city after the typhoon sendong free essay sample

Iligan City was one of the places in the Philippines devastated by Typhoon Sendong(International name: Washi) last December 17, 2011out of the 44 Barangay that compose IliganCity, 22 Barangay were severally affected. Six thousand (6,000) families were displaced and have received different kinds of survival assistance and support worldwide. However, Bayug Island a part of Barangay Bayug has been declared as no Man’s LAND or Danger Zone (because its 6 -7 feet below sea level) for men resident are no longer allowed to reside in that place. More that five hundred household need to be relocated in different relocation areas designated by the local and national government to include local national and international (NGO’s). There is urgent call for all benefactors ( local, national and international) to find an appropriate area to become the permanent relocation site for the Typhoon Sendong family victims This research focuses on the relocation of the Sendong Victim towards to their new relocation and socialization of the victims in Barangay Bayug Island, however the researcher choose this topic in order to guide the respondents for their improvement in making harmonious relationship and psychological status Theoretical Framework This study used the following Socialization theories by (Freud) and Neurosis Theory by (Horney). We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of relocating sendong survivor of barangay bayug iligan city after the typhoon sendong or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Socialization is an integral part of the process every human being, regardless of gender, culture or geographical location, goes through from childhood through adulthood. It is a never-ending process. But it is especially important during the formative years of a person’s life. In brief, socialization can be described as the process by which an individual acquires his or her own personal identity. He or she learns the values, norms, social behavioral patterns and social skills needed to integrate in and become a functioning member of their particular society. Musgrave (1998) said that Socialization is education in the broadest sense: It is the process whereby one acquires a sense of personal identity and learns what people in the surrounding culture believe and how they expect one to behave† Socialization is broadly categorized into two: primary and secondary socialization. Primary socialization is phenomenal during infancy and early childhood while secondary socialization is most prevalent after early childhood and continues even in old age. In addition, secondary socialization incorporates a term resocialization. Resocialization refers to the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of transition in one’s life. It is most prevalent in reform schools, political indoctrination camps, prisons and therapy groups. Horneys theory is perhaps the best theory of neurosis we have. First, she offered a different way of viewing neurosis. She saw it as much more continuous with normal life as previous theorists. Specifically, she saw neurosis as an attempt to make life bearable, as a way of interpersonal control and coping. This is, of course, what we all strive to do on a day-to-day basis, only most of us seem to be doing alright, while the neurotic seems to be sinking fast. From her experiences as a psychiatrist, Horney named ten patterns of neurotic needs. [9] These ten needs are based upon things which she thought all humans require succeeding in life. Horney modified these needs somewhat to correspond with what she believed were individuals neuroses. A neurotic person could theoretically exhibit all of these needs, though in practice much fewer than the ten here need to be present for a person to be considered a neurotic. The ten needs, as set out by Horney, (classified according to her so-called coping strategies) are as follows: Moving Toward People 1. The need for affection and approval; pleasing others and being liked by them. 2. The need for a partner; one whom they can love and who will solve all problems. Moving Against People 3. The need for power; the ability to bend wills and achieve control over others—while most persons seek strength, the neurotic may be desperate for it. 4. The need to exploit others; to get the better of them. To become manipulative, fostering the belief that people are there simply to be used. 5. The need for social recognition; prestige and limelight. 6. The need for personal admiration; for both inner and outer qualities—to be valued. 7. The need for personal achievement; though virtually all persons wish to make achievements, as with No. 3, the neurotic may be desperate for achievement. Moving Away from People 8. The need for self sufficiency and independence; while most desire some autonomy, the neurotic may simply wish to discard other individuals entirely. 9. The need for perfection; while many are driven to perfect their lives in the form of well being, the neurotic may display a fear of being slightly flawed. 10. Lastly, the need to restrict life practices to within narrow borders; to live as inconspicuous a life as possible. Horney noticed that, in contrast to our stereotypes of children as weak and passive, their first reaction to parental indifference is anger, a response she calls basic hostility. To be frustrated first leads to an effort at protesting the injustice! Conceptual Framework In order to gain clearer understand on the schematic diagram of the study, this section presented to conceptual framework of the study which focuses on the relationship of the variables of Impact of Relocating Sendong Survivor as show in figure 1. Independent variable in this study focuses on the personal profile of the Sendong Victim and their socialization process. Figure 1. The schematic diagram showing the interplay of variables in the study. Statement of the Problem The main thrust of this research was to find out the Impact of Relocating the Sendong Victim toward to their new communities and common problems of socialization process Specifically, this research sought to answer the following question: 1. Socio – Demographic profile of the Respondent. 1. 1 Gender 1. 2 Age 1. 3 Civil Status; and 1. 4 Educational Background? 2. Coping Mechanism of the survivors after the typhoon sendong. 2. 1 Cognitive Mechanism 2. 2 Conversion Mechanism 2. 3 Adaptive Mechanism 2. 4 Avoidance Mechanism 3. Advantage and Disadvantage of Relocation. 4. Effect of relocation to the livelihood of Sendong Survivors. 5. Common problems in the relocation area and how did they address the problems. 6. What can the survivors say in Relocation then? Hypothesis Ho1 there is a great significant of the profile of sendong victim respondent and the impact of survey because profile can be use as bases for the solution of sending victim relocation problem. Significance The results of findings of this study provide more knowledge and information to the brangay / city official to the department of social welfare and development office, and the other national agencies which are responsible for expending humanitarian services Specifically, the study would be greater help by giving black and white written result of the survey and this would encourage unity and collaboration among all other sectors in the society. Scope and Limitation The research work is focus on the impact of senoding survivor relocation situation in their relation family, educational, and social growth in development Those who are victims of sendong survivor family who where victims of typhoon sendong last December 17, 2011. Respondent. Actual interviewed 9 heads of the family beneficiaries. Income. They are provided in kind material, food, health, education material and their psychosocial activity needs Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN My research procedure required actual interview from the Sendong Victim beneficiary. The facts gathered were analyzed and became the basis of recommendation/suggestions to the authority concern for proper resolution Research Design The survey was conducted through guide questionnaire presented and answered by respondents which hdone on the 25th day of August 2012. Emotion, psychological and mental condition of respondents were taken seriously by human consideration, respect and understanding. The results of the survey were strictly kept confidential and official. Research Environment The study was conducted at Barangay Sta. Elina, Iligan City. Where the Sendong Survivor was relocated and most of them are from Barangay Bayug Island. Respondent The respondents of the study are the Sendong Survivor which has been relocated at Sta. Elina, the respondents of this inquiry representing 100% of the total population. Data Gathering Instrument The said questionnaire was distributed by the researcher personally but most of them are personal interviewed. The questionnaire that has been distributed would be left and retrieved after I finish my interview to the other respondents. This allowed the researcher to remind the respondents understanding and persuasive in conducting this survey and personally interview. Research Instrument The instrument used in this study employed structured questionnaire to gather the necessary data from the respondents. The draft of the questionnaire was writing out based on their situation in Barangay Sta. Elina. In the preparation of the instrument, the requirements in the design of good data collection instruments were considered. For instance, statement describing the situation or issues, of relocating the Sendong Survivor Respondents. In this way, the instrument is authorized to obtain valid response of the readers. Preference for the use of the structured questionnaire is premised on several research assumptions such as a) cost of being a least expensive means of gathering data, b) avoidance of personal bias, c) less pressure for immediate response and giving the respondents a greater feeling of anonymity. In the end, in encourage open response to sensitive issue at hand. Statistical Treatment of Data The researcher used percentage method as the statistical tool in analyzing and calculating the gathered data. Responses were converted into percentage using formula to determine the percentage per group data. The frequency of each group was simply divided by the total (N) of the population. Thus, the total percentage were equal to 100% P = (f/N)*100 Where: P = Percentage F = frequency N = total number of respondents Thus, P = (f/9)*100 Where, 6= total number of respondents Chapter 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSES, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA This chapter comprises the analysis, presentation and interpretation of the findings resulting from this study. The analysis and interpretation of data is carried out in two phases. The first part, which is based on the results of the questionnaire, deals with a quantitative analysis of data. The second, which is based on the results of the interview and focus group discussions, is a qualitative interpretation. Analysis of Questionnaires Of a total of 9 questionnaires distributed, only 3 completed questionnaires were the base for computing the results. The remaining (3) are non-response. This means that 3 questionnaire out of 6 questionnaire distributed, were completely discarded from the analysis. The rest, (3 questionnaire) were used to interpret the results. Data gathered through the questionnaire was subjected to frequency counts. In other words, the subjects responses for each individual question were added together to find the highest frequency of occurrence. These responses to the question, which are qualified, are then presented in percentage forms. This analysis is presented in tabular form. The researcher uses containing a variable and in some cases, combines two or more variables in single table. The first section of the questionnaire sought to identify the subject what are their coping mechanism did they uses in able to overcome their situation. It enables the researcher to identify the responses of those subjects who had never used a coping mechanism and exclude them from the analysis. 4. 1. 1 Profile of Respondent by Gender Gender Frequency Percentage Male 2 20% Female 4 70% Total 6 100% Table 1 shows that out of (6) respondents, two (2) or (20%) are male, while four (4) or (70%) are female. It shows that majority of the respondents are male. 4. 1. 2 Profile of Respondent by Gender Civil Status Frequency Percentage Single 0 0 Married 6 70% Total 6 100% Table 2 shows that all of the respondents are married. It implies that all of them have their siblings. 4. 1. 2 Profile of Respondent by Gender Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage High school level 0 0 High school graduate 1 10% College level 2 30% College graduate 3 60% Total 6 100% Table 3 shows that out of (6) respondents one (1) or (10%) of the respondents are in the high school graduate. The two (2) or (30%) is in the college level. While the last three (3) or (60%) of the respondents are college graduate. It implies that majority of the respondent are knowledgeable. 4. 1. 3How did you overcome to the things happing in your life, did you use sort of coping mechanism? VARIABLEFREQ. PERC. A = YES 4 70% B= NO 2 20% Table 3 shows that only 4 (70%) of the subject are using the coping mechanism in order to overcome the tragedies happing in their life. The rest 2 (20%) of the population are not using the coping mechanism, although there is a vast difference in the number. The total number of those who use coping mechanism will be used as a total sample size. The result is based on the subject’ experiences and not on speculation or what they believe or think, and should therefore be reliable. It also interesting to note the high number of subject who are using coping mechanism more than once. Chapter 5 SUMMARY OF FINDING, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION While the preceding chapters conferred the findings and analysis of this study, this chapter presents the summary of the findings, conclusion, and recommendation based on the previous chater. Summary of Findings The major findings of the study are the following: 1. Majority (70%) of the respondents are female 2. All (100%) of the respondents are married 3. Majority (60%) of the respondents are college graduate 4. Some (70%) are using the coping mechanism

4 Things You Need to Raise Your Freelance Writing Rate

Okay. Youve been freelance writing for a while now but you still arent making any headway. Most of your projects are one-offs or ad hoc pieces and nothing is consistent. Youre not sure why because you feel your rate is reasonable and that youre a good writer. So, why arent you making a living from your freelance writing business? Why does a week go by and all youve submitted is one invoice for one 500-word post? Its because youre not raising your rate. Sounds counterintuitive doesnt it? Raise my rates and Ill get more work? Well, yes and no. Theres a bit more to it, but well get to that in a bit. But, first, if you have no time to read this post, check out my YouTube video on how to raise your freelance writing rate and make sure to subscribe to my YouTube channel! Your Rate Can Attract or Repel Clients When I first started, I quoted a low rate – $.04/word. I was new and I wasnt sure how much value I could provide so I figured it was more than what content mills were asking for, but less than what experienced writers were quoting. What I found though, was I was repelling quality clients. Instead, I was attracting lower quality clients. See, low quality clients dont care about your writing or your worth. They only care about time and how much content you can write in a set time period (Pssta lot of these clients hang around Upwork and other freelance marketplaces like that). These types of clients run their content on a time-based model and need cheap content fast. I knew I didnt want to stay at that level. My time was limited and I really wanted to focus on generating enough income to live on. I learned early on it was my rate that was holding me back. It wasnt until I raised my rates that I soon was attracting quality clients. Youre probably thinking, but how do I do that? If youre stuck churning out work for pennies Im sure you cant imagine raising your rate. Youre afraid that if you raise your rate, you wont land any clients. Can I tell you a little secret? If you SHOW prospects your WORTH, they will pay your rate. How do you do this when youre new? If you want to raise your rate there are a few things you can do to show prospects your worth. I found that once I did these four things, it was easy to jump from $.04/word to $.10/word and then to $.20/word and now upwards towards $.30/word – in under a year. Want to know how I was able to raise my rate 650%? 1. Be Okay With the Loss Lets get real here. Just because you made the internal decision to go from $.05/word to $.10/word doesnt mean prospects will be scrambling to hire you because they suddenly realize your value as a writer. This is what will happen: a prospect contacts you for blog content and asks for your rate. You respond by linking to some sample pieces in their niche and you give them your rate (that you hemmed and hawed about, but decided its worth a try to quote your high-end rate) and press send. Two days later you get an email that maybe says this: You know what? With every rate increase, I get several of these emails in return. But then, there will be one prospect that doesnt bat an eye and accepts my proposed rate. So, if you want to work on raising your rate, you need to be okay with the possibility that you wont land a client at this new rate for a while. But, what if you cant afford not having work for awhile? I get it. You NEED money so youre going to keep pitching your low rate just so you can get ANY work. I understand. But, try pitching your higher end rate every fifth pitch you send out. In the beginning, youre going to be working for lower paying clients, building up your reputation and your portfolio. Youre also going to go back and forth pitching a new rate until you land a client with that new rate. And it will happen. Trust me. 2. Update Your Portfolio This is critical to raising your rate. Prospects need to see quality samples in their niche. But, in the beginning, your goal is to get a byline anywhere, from any site, right? After you landed your first few guest posts and maybe have a client piece up on your portfolio, you now need to really work on making an impression with your writing. This is when you try to land guest spots on popular sites like Smart Blogger  or Scary Mommy for example. Depending on your niche, you want to land guest posts on popular sites in your niche. You also want to start pruning your portfolio and remove pieces that: Dont reflect your best writing Arent in a niche you want to get paid to write for Make sure to put the portfolio pieces in your preferred niche first on your page. When I first started freelance writing, my portfolio page was just a collection of any post I had a byline for. I was ecstatic to land a guest post and over the moon once I landed clients. There was no rhyme or reason to my portfolio. It wasnt until some time in 2015 that I categorized my portfolio pieces and made a conscious effort to highlight my best pieces first. Now, Im highlighting pieces in my intended niche – digital marketing . So, before you go raising your rate, take a look at your portfolio. It is impressive? Do you have a good number of quality articles and posts in your niche? Do you have posts on popular sites? When these are in place, your value increases which makes your new high rate logical in a prospects mind. Get out there and pitch (and guest post too)! All that hard work will pay off. Im inviting key experts to help  my course participants of Write Your Way to Your First $1k over in the private Facebook group. Its not too late to join! 3. Spruce Up Your Website I recently wrote about different ways to attract clients with your website since I re-vamped my entire site. Having a professional looking website for your freelance writing will help you command a higher rate. What if you dont have the budget to shell out for a premium or customized WordPress theme? Thats okay. You can still have a professional looking free WordPress site. You need to remember that prospects cant meet you face to face. They can only judge who you are from your website or Skype meeting. So, if you have a professional looking site, prospects will believe you are a legit business and not some mommy blogger writing in her bedroom. 😉 So, what makes a site look professional? Its minimalist – theres not a lot of clutter on your site and your menu is easy to navigate Its easy to read – Is your content width too long? Do you have to keep scrolling and scrolling to read your site? Is your font small? All of these little things can turn off a prospect quickly Does your copy speak to the client? – Are you demonstrating the benefits to prospects once they hire you? Here are some professional sites from freelance writers: Brent Jones is a freelance copywriter, social media manager and email marketer. When you go to his site, you can instantly tell hes not doing this as a hobby. He means business. Maham Chappals site doesnt play around. As soon as you land on her site, she immediately speaks to the client. Her site is simple yet highly optimized for acquiring business. Kaleigh Moore is a copywriter and social media consultant. Her site is a breath of fresh air. Its easy to read, full of white space and its easy to navigate. You can bet these writers arent taking gigs below $100. 4. Grab Some Testimonials The last thing you should do before you start raising your rates is to grab some testimonials. Social proof is all the rage now and if you dont have other people vouching for your awesome writing skills, good luck trying to convince a total stranger to hire you. New clients need that social nod from others that you are worth it. But, what if youre so new you dont even have a client to ask for a testimonial? Thats fine. When I first started – and before I had a client – I asked other freelance writers to give me a testimonial. Ask your family for one.   Maybe your sister needs help with her rà ©sumà © or your brother-in-law wants some copy for his stores latest advertisement. You can even do a barter with local businesses. Provide some content in exchange for a testimonial. Use these little instances to ask for glowing testimonials. And then put them on your homepage. Showcasing your best testimonials on your homepage helps convince a prospect right away that youre the real thing. What About Writing? Did you notice I didnt include improve your writing as one of the things you need to increase your rate? Writing is only a small part in your freelance writing business. Believe it or not marketing, networking and learning best practices in our industry is what will help you raise your rates. A couple months ago I got a message on Twitter from Kevin J. Duncan of Be a Better Blogger inviting me to write for OptinMonster. First of all, I never connected with Kevin and only knew of him via his posts on Smart Blogger. So getting any nod from him was huge in my book. But, then he invited me to write for OptinMonster. What an amazing opportunity! This all came about because of my connections with Adam Connell and Sue Ann Dunlevie. By investing in blogger outreach and having them as clients, I was able to land this amazing gig. Now, Im not saying if youre a poor writer you can still make hundreds of dollars a post. What I am saying is if youre a good writer to begin with and you have the passion and desire to keep learning, through time you will naturally become a better writer. One more thing thing to also keep in mind when setting your rate and raising your rate is something Brent Jones mentioned on his blog that, [Y]ou dont have to be an expert, you just have to do something your client cant, or have the time to do something your clients doesnt have. Let that sink in for a while. Ready to Raise Your Rate? So, are you ready? Figure out your new rate and work on these four things, and youll have more success each time you raise your rate. I have another post in the works about negotiating rates with current clients. I recently negotiated a new rate with one of my older clients and I want to share what happened because it can be tricky to tell a client your new rate. So, are you ready to raise your rate in your next pitch?

Blowing The Gaff

Blowing The Gaff Blowing The Gaff Blowing The Gaff By Sharon I recently mentioned a book called Mind The Gaffe, which is all about errors in English. It got me to thinking about the word gaffe and other related expressions. I set out to do some digging in my trusty dictionary and came up with a few surprises. The word gaffe means a social blunder and originates from French in the 19th century. It should not be confused with the word gaff, which has a variety of interesting meanings. If you fish, then you probably use a sturdy pole with a strong hook to capture the biggest catch of your life. Thats called a gaff, and youll need it if you want to avoid tales about the one that got away. If you actually manage to land that fish, then gaff becomes a verb that shows how you hook it. Sailors know a gaff as a special boom to which a gaffsail is attached. Cockfighting is a favored pastime in some parts of the world, and in that context, gaff describes the spur thats attached to a gamecocks leg. Gaff is also a popular slang word with several meanings. It can mean nonsense talk, cheat or hoax. If youre British and you blow the gaff, then you reveal a secret, while Americans and Canadians who stand the gaff are able to take a bit of ribbing. Gaff was also an old British term for someones home, as well as a cheap theater or music hall in Victorian times. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Arrive To vs. Arrive At8 Proofreading Tips And TechniquesInspiring vs. Inspirational

The relationship between everyday and laboratory-based research works Essay - 1

The relationship between everyday and laboratory-based research works to ensure the latter is not sterile. Discuss with reference to at least one area of memory research - Essay Example y in real life settings (this is the argument)(Minear, n.d.).(In-text citation for the remarks â€Å"how did you know that--i need some acknowledgement please...†) Everyday memory approach is a type of research method that involves the study of real-life memories of the subject’s past (McDermott,Szpunar, & Christ, 2009). It employs the use of cue words as a starting point to trigger the recall of a related memory (McDermott et al., 2009). The highlight of this method is that it involves the completion of a task that occurs naturally in the real world (Minear, n.d.). It is usually used by researchers when laboratory research â€Å"...is unrealistic, cost-prohibitive or would unduly affect the subject’s behaviour...† (Kendra, n.d.). The advantage of this method is that it permits the study of variables that cannot be manipulated in the laboratory.It strengthens the external validity of the study, and the results obtained are usually generalizable (Kalat, 2008). This technique, however, has its own set of disadvantages among which are less control over study variables, requires longer contact with subjects, as it usually take s longer for people to form a vivid picture of the events they are recalling, and the research usually takes a longer time to finish (McDermott et al., 2009). The use of everyday memory method has been met with many criticisms. Banaji and Crowder (1989) labeled it a â€Å"...superficial glitter...that should not be allowed to replace the quest for truly generalizable principles,† while Alterman (1996) found incorporating â€Å"...everyday memory to a correspondence metaphor...problematic†. Kvavilashvili and Ellis (2004) defended the said technique and asserted that everyday memory yields sound results and can be generalize as information acquired as representative of the study population. This method is also the method of choice in investigating memories influenced by emotional and reconstructive factors, such as flashbulb memories (Lanciano &

Managing Organisational Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing Organisational Change - Essay Example In Charlie’s case, a lot of blame in the collapse of his business can be attributed to organizational change. Basically, Charlie failed because he did not open himself up to positive change. The only change we are told of Charlie undertaking was the change in pricing with the hope of meeting future inflation values. Wallace (2007) notes that for any organizational change, â€Å"target population for the change will come to realize that the change was for the better.† The question will be ‘did Charlie’s customer see the change as a better one?’ Charlie’s decision to increase prices against future inflation was not a step in the right direction. This is because the world seems not to have recovered yet from the global economic crisis. For this reason, there is very little money in the pockets of many consumers. For this reason, undertaking reduced pricing should be a strategy for attracting more and more customers since demand for business has generally gone down. Secondly, Charlie refused to take greater advantage of his competitive advantages. The major com petitive advantage Charlie had was the location of his coaches at the coast, which was a tourist attraction site. So even if Charlie wanted to increase prices, he could have waited till summer when patronage of coast activities and holidays are very common. Since summer holidays come every year and patronage of holidays continue to increase, Charlie should have used that as an advantage to promote and publicize his business during off seasons so that he would have been sure of having more customers when the holiday season starts. Finally, Charlie should have avoided the private participation on ‘part-time’ basis. Frequent change of hands in running a business causes a breakdown in organizational culture. Some of the new people in whose hands the business went might have been people that customers were not well

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 32

Business Ethics - Essay Example Patrick’s Day Parade, and Memorial Day coed softball tournament. Recreational centers have also been created and families are encouraged to take their children out just to have some fun moments. The prison that has been established in the city stands out as one of the finest correction facilities in the country. Kelsey City was established by M. Kelsey with the vision of â€Å"preserving the natural resources of the land and maintain a close-knit community.† In view of this mission, the members of this community have over the years endeavoured to live up to the premise of social responsibility and ethical values as discussed below. A majority of the citizens who reside in this city have maintained the closely-knit social fabric. The attitude of social responsibility has been instilled among the members and is often passed over from generation to generation. Community programs and sporting events have been created deliberately to create avenues through which the citizens can mingle and just get to know each other in details. Other places where members interact include at the shopping centres and in institutions of learning. As already explained above, the city has one of the best correctional facilities in the country. The leadership understands the role played by prisons in rehabilitating juvenile youths and other criminals within the community. As such, a significant portion of the members visit prisoners in this prison so as to interact with them and encourage them that all is not lost in life. These helps the prisoners understand that they are not rejects and that they are still welcome in their communities once they serve their terms in the prison. Individuals in this community have the social responsibility of ensuring peaceful co-existence among members just as envisioned by the founder M. Kelsey. As the old adage states that â€Å"each market has its own mad man,† it would be nonsensical to imagine that all

The Pros and Cons of Airport Privatization

The Pros and Cons of Airport Privatization I. Executive Summary Airports have evolved mainly as government-run enterprises. Now, many airports seek privatization in part to improve their abilities to compete in the new global economy. The manner of ownership covers a wide spectrum: government-owned and controlled airports, government-owned corporations, independent airport authorities, public-private partnerships with government majority ownership or with private majority ownership. Reasons to privatize an airport include an improved ability for an airport to diversify its operations to enhance profitability, to fund expansion, and to improve competitiveness. The arguments for privatization include that the falling availability of public funds, and a need to change to the market-oriented outlook that private businesses develop. Objections to airport privatization are related to the apprehension that a private operator will take advantage of the monopoly that airports represent in air travel. Not all airports are suitable for privatization. Some i n the developed world, such as in the USA, are controlled by local governments and affected by airline requirements. The less developed countries and their airport authorities lack sufficient funds to develop their airports; although these countries need these airports, privatization is impractical, and alternate business plans must be developed. Unlike other countries, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand have taken the path of mixed public-private control to maintain power over matters that affect the public good. Privatization enables a long term focus to meet the demands of international competition, to maintain a customer-focused plan, and to free the government from providing subsidies to an unprofitable enterprise. The potential for Canada to completely privatize the National Airport System Airports is small due to the serving of the public good under the current system. II Introduction Airport privatization has become a trend in the past thirty years as economies change and the air transport sector matures. Airport management and ownership, once mainly the domain of governments, has evolved into a mix of public and private airport ownership. Airports must now compete with other airports around the world for business, and government may not be the best owner for a globally-competitive enterprise. Airports must have the freedom to compete on the commercial level, and not just provide a service to the travelling public. Airports seek privatization in part to improve their abilities to develop a customer-focused business plan. This paper will present a review of the history of privatization and predictions for the future of this trend, and a comparison of the means, effects, and relative success of government/ public vs. private control. What is airport privatization? Simply put it is the transfer of ownership or management or both to the private sector (Graham 2008, 15). The manner of ownership covers a wide spectrum: airports owned and operated by government departments, 100% government-owned corporations, independent airport authorities, mixed enterprises with government majority ownership and mixed enterprises with private majority ownership (Tae et al 2006, abstract). Analysis of the need to privatize Airports have evolved mainly as government-run enterprises. They serve the public good, and were thus taken on as any other part of public infrastructure would be. Bridges, roads, ports, and other transportation-related projects have traditionally been part of the public good. However, many of these facilities are being privatized. Roads and bridges are now conceived of as wholly privately developed and owned, or as public-private partnerships. Privatization can provide several benefits. It can remove the burden from the governments finances, spread the risk associated with operations, and introduce ways to improve efficiency and competition. Often better airport management can be put in place. For example, if the airport is run under a government department, facility commercialization would be difficult. Private management can reorganize the accounting so that the airports costs and revenues can be monitored and adjusted, costs can be cut, and revenues boosted. The arguments for privatization are many. Less public investment is needed; on the one hand, public funds are less available than they once were, and on the other hand, private corporations have a market-oriented outlook for their business plans. Improved access to commercial financial markets, improved ability for an airport to diversify, and improved operational efficiency may be the result. Employees and management are motivated to perform better. Lastly, a deregulated airline industry led to growth which the existing model of airport management and ownership could not handle. Privatization may be a better option if market forces can enable competition rather than a monopoly, meaning less government regulation is necessary. This preserves the public good and makes the enterprise more likely to be profitable. Conversely, if the potential exists for a monopoly in a market, then the involvement of the government in ownership is necessary, and so is more government regulation. Table 1: Government Control of Essential Elements of operations in three countries, shows how Canada, Britain, and Australia deal with these concerns by maintaining control in key areas of the public good of aeronautical standards, access, and pricing. III.  Privatization Strategies Privatization does not mean handing over of complete ownership to a corporation. The most practical scenario would be for a government to retain control over the type of facilities to be developed and other changes, while the operator, the commercial enterprise, oversees day-to-day and year-to-year operations of the airport (de Neufville 1999, 6). The net benefit to the public interest would seem to be the lack of necessity to raise funds to expand or run the facility, or to service debt. Types of Privatization transfer of operations to private sector (Graham 2008, 25). transfer of ownership to private sector (Graham 2008, 25). share issues, IPOs: airport needs to make a profit; shareholders assume the risks trade sale sale of facilities concession control passes to private operator for a fixed period this is how some new roads and bridges are managed in North America annual fee paid to government, which retains ownership (Graham 2008, 32). a private operator finances and builds new facilities, pays annual fee to government, thingies ownership to the government after a fixed period management contract an operator runs the facility, and either the operator gets a fee or the government receives a percentage of revenue (Graham 2008, 34). The better way to privatize is to share control between government and private interests. See Table 2: Degree of control mix among different styles of government and full private ownership (from de Neufville 1999, 17) for an illustration of how this is so. Determining the potential of an airport for privatization Not all airports are suitable for privatization, and the experience differs in the developed and less developed worlds. In the developed world, the USA is an anomaly. Less privatization has happened there, and this may be because most airports are under local control, and also under significant pressure from the airlines that use them (de Neufville 1999, 5). Both entities can interfere with any contemplated changes. The approach used in Canada, New Zealand, and Australia, has been to turn the airports into not-for-profit corporations. Such airport authorities as Vancouver Airport Services, a not-for-profit corporation, operate their own and other airports. The case in the less developed world for airport privatization differs due to the lack of both public and private funds for infrastructure development. Still, these countries need these airports, and alternate business plans must be developed. Less developed countries have much more growth potential in air transport and that can be met with improved facilities and increased capacity (Button 2006, 14). The major part of their revenue is airside (Button 2006, 14). Figure 1: A generalization of airport trends in developing and developed countries will illustrate this phenomenon. Button (2006, 14) adds that airports in less developed countries do not generate sufficient revenue to cover costs, so the governments must provide subsidies, and this makes these airports unsuitable for privatization. A full privatization cannot be expected until a national economy can support infrastructure improvements and an airport can prove its potential for profitability. IV. Operating environment considerations regarding privatization The operating environment needs some favourable market conditions for success in privatization. External market forces can encourage or prevent successful conversion to private control or ownership; Button asserts that [r]egulatory changes in airport policy in countries such as the UK came against a backdrop of successful liberalization of many other markets, quite strong macroeconomic growth, and with fairly well defined objectives (2006, 3). A privatization could not proceed in the absence of these factors, as in the case of a less developed country. There, the private sector has limited access to capital markets and the government may not be able to afford to borrow internationally. The catch is that these economies lack sufficient development for an investment to have acceptable risk levels; without the airport and other transportation infrastructure, though, the country cannot develop. The common operating factors are: Competition exists for investor dollars with other forms of real estate malls, offices, developable land. The author of US Airport Privatization speculated in 1993 that the market for airports was not a speculative one. Now, market opportunities are being found in airport privatizations. Developers may not want to work with the government bodies, which regulate airports and airlines, or to be tied to a long-term investment. Developers would look for opportunities that facilitate adaptability to changing market conditions. Only a long-term strategy would work in this investment. The labour contracts in force when the ownership switches over from public to private would likely have to continue, hindering potential private operators. Property taxes would have to reflect enhanced market value of an airport property. Most of an airports real estate is empty land, and therefore not directly capable of providing a profit to an operator. Any airport has relations with the surrounding communities, but a private operator would be unable to negotiate in an area of government responsibility. In addition, other challenges, which may have hampered airport profitably before privatization, remain. These include security, air traffic growth, airline strategies, airport competition, and international incidents such as SARS or terrorism. Political interference is always a possibility in the area of airport regulations, industry deregulation, and the changing nature of the airline industry. A conflict exists between the desires of a private operator to have looser regulations and the need for government oversight of the industry. Objections to airport privatization are related to the monopoly that airports represent in air travel (Graham 2008, 16). The fear is that the private operator will make a profit that could have gone to the government. These fears are addressed by the nature of private enterprise, which seeks to run a business profitably. Potential Economic Benefits of Airport Privatization Originally airports were considered to be part of a nations essential infrastructure, and less attention was paid to profit than to operations (Frost Sullivan). The three means of economic gains to be found in privatization are: improvements in operating efficiency: the private for-profit business model more often leads to a further exploration for means to cut costs and boost revenues than does public management; the introduction of new management styles and marketing skills directed to serve users with a more consumer-oriented approach; and the ability to make better investment decisions. The trend in many countries is now to contemplating the potential for profit from an airport. The example of the Vienna airport will serve to illustrate how privatization in a developed country can benefit an airports operations. Before 1978, the airport was a public utility and had to seek subsidies to cover losses. In 1978, the airport management was reorganized so it would work like a commercial enterprise, but with public sector shareholder ownership. A further reorganization took place in 1992 to address industry and customer needs separately from the service divisions. Measures such as strategic planning and cost control were introduced to improve the airports competitive advantage (Graham 2008, 17). A share issue was made in 1992 for expansion and improved commercial operations, signaling a transition to private sector control. Privatization enables a long term focus to meet the demands of international competition, to maintain a customer-focused plan, and to free the government from providing subsidies to an unprofitable enterprise. Many privatizations have taken place because the potential for airside growth is limited. In other words, the developed countries have reached saturation on airside growth, so they seek growth from commercial services. This means shopping, restaurants, hotels, joint ventures are added to the airport to add value and capture more dollars. In addition, Button asserts that the success of privatized airports has encouraged governments to change the management and operations of their airports to mirror what the privately-run operations are doing (2006, 3). Then, the facility is seen as a single monopoly, but as separate revenue-generating businesses. Privatization seems to enable a better response to market forces by developing commercial potential. VI. Potential for Further Airport Privatization in Canada Canada has followed the route of maintaining almost all operational facets under shared control, with no airports being fully privatized. See Table 3: Status of Privatization of Airports in Australia, Britain and Canada before (B) and after Privatization (P) for a comparison of how control was changed after a degree of privatization. Australia and Britain have given control of finance and operations to the private operators, while Canada has retained it. To address local community and economy concerns, maintaining a partnership may be the better route to follow, and experience will show which method is better. Despite what the author of US Airport Privatization found, privatization in the airport industry is attractive to investors. However, Frost Sullivan report that by 2006, only two per cent of the worlds commercial airports had been privatized, either through management or ownership. Canadian airports are classified as one of two types: Non NAS airports, meaning National Airport System airports, with fewer than 200,000 passengers per year and which are locally and provincially owned and operated; NAS airports, with more than 200,000 passengers per year, are owned by the federal government but managed by boards of non-elected representatives. See Table 4 NAS Airports- Canadas National Airport System, for a list of these NAS airports. They operate as not-for-profit entities under long term leases with the federal government that are reflective of fair value, including the future earning potential (Canadian Airports Council 2008). Transport Canada, as the owner of the airports, has several aims in setting NAS airport rents. First they relate to infrastructure stability, and ensure the air transport sector remains financially healthy, meaning both the airport infrastructure and the airlines. The second aim relates to market conditions: to ensure an air transport sector that is competitive with both other forms of transport and with international air transport systems, and responsive to changing market conditions. The third serves the public good: the obtaining of a fair value for the government (National Airports Rent Policy Review 2010). The NAP, the National Airport Plan, appears to indicate that the federal government has no plans for complete privatization. Rents charged by the federal government to the local airport authorities are calculated with respect to long-term cash flow forecasts and capital expansion needs, and to valuations of international commercialized airports, particularly in the USA, Austra lia, New Zealand, and Britain. Therefore, the NAS airports serve the Canadian public good by providing a benefit to the Canadian public while remaining competitive. VII. Conclusion The encouraging factors include: continuing growth in air travel requires improvements in infrastructure that most governments cannot afford; improvements in economies of scale through expansion of facilities and concentration of services; still more commercial opportunities to be found for exploitation; investors with longevity have the better chance for continued profitability than would newer entrants. Privatization seems suitable for airports in more developed countries, because while more developed countries used to rely on government financing, the private sector has more to invest in major infrastructure projects than the government does. Allowing a private sector corporation to make profits could encourage the expansion of facilities sooner than a government-owned airport would do this. The fears that privatizing airports could be unsuccessful for the buyers and operators because of the untested variables, such as real estate values and external forces acting on an enterprise, seem to have calmed down with the growing body of experience in these operations. While ownership of facilities might be transferred to the private sector, government regulations still affect the business. A private operator cannot exercise eminent domain; it has to follow laws, while seeking to maximize his gain. Therefore an airport will never operate as an entity that is entirely separate from government. Now the focus is on the next step. The potential for future privatizations depends on the countys economic development and on its growth potential. In the long run, both central and local authorities may have to pursue the course of even greater diversification and commercialization of airport ownership structures. Works Cited Button, K 18 September 2006, Air Transportation Infrastructure in Developing  Countries: Privatization and Deregulation. Fundation Rafael del Pino conference on Comparative Political Economy and Infrastructure Performance: the Case of Airports. http://www.frdelpino.es/documentos/CONFERENCIASYENCUENT ROS/Reuniones%20de%20expertos/Aeropuertos/Button%20Madrid%20Conference.pdf. Canadian Airports Council 2008. Ownership and Management of Canadas Airports.  http://www.cacairports.ca/english/canadas_airports/index.php. Craig, V J 2 March 2000, Risk Due Diligence in Airport Privatization.  http://www.icao.int/icao/en/ro/nacc/aps/09_craig.pdf. De Neufville, R 1999, Draft: Airport Privatization Issues for the United States.  http://ardent.mit.edu/airports/ASP_papers/airport%20privatization%20issues%20for%20US.PDF. Frost Sullivan 25 April 2006, Abstract: Potential Economic Benefits of Airport  Privatization. http://www.marketresearch.com/product/display.asp?productid =1286859. Graham, A 2008, Managing Airports: An International Perspective. 3rd edn.  Butterworth-Heinemann: Oxford. http://books.google.ca/books?hl=enlr=id=5 Aa0rtzn8vgCoi=fndpg=PR7dq=The+privatization+and+commercialization+of+China%27s+airportsots=BbvkOe6cjusig=TiTmeH5HQg0RTuYo7IShMjE2kcY#v=onepageq=privatizationf=false. Oum, T, Nicole A, and Chunyan Y May 2006, Privatization, corporatization, ownership  forms and their effects on the performance of the worlds major airports. Abstract. Journal of Air Transport Management Volume 12, Issue 3, Pages 109-121. Air Transport Research Society Conference, Rio de Janeiro, July 2005. Vancouver. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL_ udi=B6VGP-4J14SM6_user=10_coverDate=05%2F31%2F2006_rdoc= 1_fmt=high_orig=search_sort=d_docanchor=view=c_searchStrId=1273863512_rerunOrigin=scholar.google_acct=C000050221_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=10md5=1c0d7c71dc3b52a6727c4c147f36f7c5. Transport Canada 15 March 2010. National Airports Rent Policy Review: Terms of  Reference. http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/policy/ace-nap-nap1-762.htm. US Airport Privatization: Why It Wont Work 1993, Airport Aviation Appraisals,  Inc. http://www.airportappraisals.com/includes/articles/Article-Privatization.pdf.

The Death Penalty Essay -- essays research papers

When committing a rape, murder, or treason does it occur to you that, if Caught, you could be, electrocuted, gassed, or lethally injected? I highly doubt it. So what is it that is running through your mind? Do you honestly think you can murder or rape some innocent person and get away with it? I don’t think so. I feel the death penalty is a great concept. My philosophy is, why should someone that murdered an innocent human being still be able to breathe, while his or her victim cannot? Life without parole is a good idea, but that person is still getting the chance to breathe, eat, sleep, smell, hear, and see while his or her victim cannot. Many people see capital punishment as cruel and wrong, but is not what that person did cruel and wrong? How are we as a society going to teach them that it is wrong? Life without parole is not the answer, capital punishment might be. Some of our jails today could be mistaken for a Holiday Inn. The convicted are treated entirely too well. Thi s is not what I want my taxes to be paying for. I would rather hear of their death then to know that they are, some nights, eating meals just as good as what I am having, you need to remember what these people did. I do not feel comfortable with the idea that some person that killed or raped or robbed some innocent person could be released out of jail for â€Å"good behavior†. As said in the Bible, â€Å"Whomever sheds a man’s blood, by man shall his blood be shed† (Genesis 9:6). This has been taken to signify â€Å"Let the punishment, fit the crime.† The Risk of Executing the Innocent. I really do feel that this should be taken very serious. We need to be able to trust our government judicial system, to ensure that no one who was wrongfully accused is sentenced to the death penalty. And with the way our court systems work, I’m afraid were unable to trust them 100 %. Look at Oj for instance, he was guilty, and should have been executed, but he†™s walking the streets today sewing phone companies. But hey, there’s nothing we can do about the court system. The decisions they make is going to be the decision that is final. We need to eliminate all the appealing process. Fact, inmates are six times more likely to get off death row by appeals than by execution. Not to mention, the cost of court and lawyer fee’s. It’s just too much money to waste on a guy who could have rapped a little girl. The death p... ...s and only 38% were blacks. Cost of Life without Parole: $34,000/year for 50 years at 2% annual cost increase = $3.01 million. Cost of Death Penalty $60,000/year for 6 years at 2% annual cost increase = $1.88 million. There is no doubt that the initial cost of the death penalty is significantly higher than the life with out Parole (LWOP). Look at the numbers though, over time we’ll save $1.2 to $3.6 million if we just execute them. Mind you the $34,000/ year cost are an average. The maximum-security prisons run over $75,000/year. And where do we put the murderers? In the maximum-security prisons. So actually $75,000/year for 50 years at 2% increase is well, I can’t figure it out but I’ll bet it’s a lot of money. So what it boils down to is, we have these thousands of people on death row that have murdered and rapped people, and where paying on average $34,000/year to hold them. Why are we spending money on people that have done such horrible things. Do unto others, as you want them to do unto you. A person knows if they kill someone they are risking the death penalty, I figure if they take that risk they should take the penalty. I’m 110% for the death penalty. Word Count: 1400

Future Life Reading Essay

First, I can see a man and a woman walking into view from the bottom left of the image, diagonally across the scene to the top right. They are holding hands as they walk. She is wearing a very light and airy thin materialed flowing white dress; I cannot see her hair color. She is a thin woman. The man, as they are walking is pointing things out to the woman, things in the distance. He seems to speak a lot about the things he is pointing at. He has black hair and is wearing a shirt or a jacket that reminds me of Star Trek: TNG, or other similar sci-fi attire, goldish in color and almost sparkly; the edges a 2† (at least) thick line of slightly lighter color around the outer edges of the garment. The setting appears to be sand in color, Egypt would be the closest reference from here on earth, and the sun is shining. There are others around, but not immediately close-by to this couple. (To note: As I was writing this, at about 10:30 am Eastern Standard Time, I got a very strong sm ell of beer. I do not have any beer in my home.) Second, I got a close up image of a woman’s face/head. She has moderately long dark hair, and wears what appear to be thick-lensed glasses. She is sitting in some sort of layered seating such as in an auditorium, arena, or university classroom. She is holding a pen or pencil in her right hand between her fingers, constantly moving her hand around as she speaks to a person seated to her right. I believe the person she is speaking with is male, adult, but I cannot see him. All the while, she is watching and listening to what is going on in front of her. She was wearing a light colored long-sleeved thin blouse. Third, it started with an upside-down workboot. Behind this workboot, faded in the image of a garage or auto shop. The room looked large, but only seemed to have 1 garage door. The boot faded as other images came into view. In this garage, there is now a car at the far wall, directly across from the open door, which has 2 people on the other side of it. One man, which is clearly visible, is the focus of the scene. This man is older, white or very light grey hair, and he is wearing an orange t-shirt. This man is close to 6-feet tall from the look of it. The other man with him is like a shadow figure, never coming into view enough to see him, only enough to see that he is there; he is shorter than the older man. The older gentleman in the orange shirt is looking over toward another part of this room and seems to be arguing with someone. He doesn’t look happy at all. I cannot see the person he is arguing with, however, I get the feeling that he is arguing with his wife over something as he is getting ready to leave to go somewhere. Directly outside the garage door, I can see pavement and grass to the side, and there looks to be a fence next to the grass. On the grass, I see something largely red with blue, definitely a child’s toy; it looks like it may be a small wagon or dump truck, but I can’t see for sure. There is something else to the left of this object but I cannot make it out either; I’m guessing a tricycle.

Rate of reaction = change in absorbency/change in time Essay

Average absorbency = Test 1+2+33 eg. 20i C, at 1min 0. 13+0. 16+ 0. 15 =0. 15 3 Also to back up my results I found out what the rate of reaction was for each temperature, using the averages calculated before. I did this by using the following formula: Rate of reaction = change in absorbency/change in time eg. 100i C, 4 minutes: 0. 53/4= 0. 1325 Skill C-Analysing Evidence And Drawing a Conclusion Graph Analysis: Average absorbency graph: Looking at this graph shows me the trends that occur in my results. The ability to draw a line of best fit showed that the points lie on a line of positive correlation. 80i C had the most pigment released after 7mind and with 20i C. The 20i C, 40i C and 60i C were all where I thought they should lie. 60i C released more than 40i C and that temperature released more than 20i C. Also the line of best fit showed that the amount of pigment released increased as time passed. Which is what I predicted. The reason for this is that more pigment is being released into the surroundings. at 20i C, 30i C, 40i C pigment is released at a steady rate and 60i C. 70i C and 80i C the speed of absorption has increased. This explains the steady absorbency as temp goes up. A reason for the pigment escaping could be that the proteins in the cell membrane could get denatured, meaning that the pigment can escape. Therefore at a higher temperature the cell wall becomes unstable quicker and denatured allowing pigment to escape into the water. The fact that heat is known to denature proteins could prove that is why the pigment escapes. The graph and table show that there is a greater absorbency margin as the temperature increases. This can be seen when comparing 40i C the rate of reaction decreased as the experiment went on. However with 2i C the rate of reaction actually increased as the experiment went on. This is surprising, as I would have thought that the rate would decrease as it did in most cases. E. g. for 80i C the rate fell from 0. 15 to 0. 078, and to show the large gap 60i. The rates of reactions were in the same order as the amount of pigment graphs, the 100i C rate is faster than the 80i C and there is the large gap between them and the lower temperatures. I expected the rate to decrease, as there would be less pressure inside the cell as the pigment escapes from the cell. This would mean that the pigment would not escape as fast because it isn’t getting pushed out as fast. Also the water potential either side of the cell wall will start to level out which would lower the rate of diffusion of the pigment. At first with all, but 2i C, the rate of reaction is very fast then it starts to slow down. This backs up my theory that the pressure gets less. Because as more pigment escapes out of the cell the less pressure which will slow the rate down. And as there will be lots of pigment at the start then there will be high pressure so the rate of reaction will very fast, as shown in the graph. Anomalous Results: When looking at the graph I can see that there are no anomalous results, which could indicate that the experiment was quite precise, but that does not mean that it is accurate. The readings I got might be along the same trend but that trend could miles off the actual value. This normally suggests that it is not down the human error but the equipment used is the cause for error. However if I look at the table of results I can see that there are two anomalous results that do not fit in with the trend. This could be down to human or experimental error. Skill D-Evaluating Evidence and Procedures Changes to The Experiment: The experiment was changed to make it easier to take results, by using a full test tube colorimeter with the beetroot on pins to make it quicker to pull out after the short time limit. There would be a increase of pigment released due to the pin being inserted to the beetroot but washing off the excess pigment in the water bath for 2mins beforehand will have reduced the error for this. Criticism of Apparatus: Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section.

Analysis of Intimacy and Terror essays

Analysis of Intimacy and Terror essays Andrei Stepanovich Arzhilovsky was accused of counter revolutionary agitation (Arzhilovsky p.112) as a result his diary was analyzed by the NKVD (Soviet Secret Police) which resulted in Arzhilovskys execution. According to the NKVD the parts of the diary which were underlined showed his counter-revolutionary activities. He writes about his life in jail, his life after his release and his views as well as his fears about the Russian Revolution and the Communist Party. One of the very first things that the NKVD underlined was when Arzhilovsky talked about Grandma Darya telling fairy tale stories to the kids. He states that it is important to treasure stories that are told by older people and that Grandma Darya is someone who should be prized because there arent many people who can remember life as it used to be.( Arzhilovsky p.114) One of the goals of the Socialist parties in Russia was to make people forget about how it used to be. Tradition wasnt as important as a new society with different institutions that revolved around the communist mind set. Arzhilovsky wants those stories to live on and to remind him of the past because he understood that the society was better off without the communists ruling. An important part of Arzhilovskys diary which was underlined and analyzed, was about Arzilovsky trying to get early released from jail. He disagreed with the courts and judges behavior in releasing murderers as well as thieves instead of releasing the people who committed the crime of being counter-revolutionary activists. He mentions that the judge and the prosecutors facial expression changed once they got to him and saw that it was about Article 58. This showed the NKVD that he was against the laws and against the judging of the Socialist Party. Andrei Stepanovich Arzhilovsky states When will they r ...

Small Business Enterprise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Small Business Enterprise - Essay Example keeps the organisation tightly controlled by the family members and related investors without worry of missing payments to different lending institutions. Little Yang Sing does not have a broad menu or is the dà ©cor overly fashionable, it is more of a casual restaurant that provides quality Asian-inspired food to many different demographics. The business’ greatest strengths lie in marketing and human resources, especially in areas of recruitment and satisfying workers at the motivational level. This report discusses the strengths of the business’ marketing approach and how it has developed a better small business human resources system to gain better employees. The information gathered for this report came from secondary research and primary research in the form of a telephone interview conducted with a silent investor involved with the launch and operations of Little Yang Sing. It should be noted that Little Yang Sing has only six employees, including ownership that is active in the day-to-day operations of the company in order to save costs on payroll. There are 441,200 people in the Manchester region who are able to support the ongoing operations and profit expectations for the Little Yang Sing restaurant (tripatlas.com, 2009). However, in the warmer climate months, Manchester supports many world-renowned events and foods festivals which bring many different domestic and international customers into the Manchester area. This gives opportunities for Little Yang Sing to, literally, promote itself to millions of potential customers during the tourist season. Of the 441,200 people in the area, 81 percent are of white ethnicity, with only an additional nine percent being of Asian culture (statistics.gov.uk, 2009). This means that Little Yang Sing must consider how to market its rather limited menu to people who are not of Asian descent, therefore this small business must consider the demographic trends of the high white population in order to create marketing

Enforceability of international and local mediation outcome Assignment

Enforceability of international and local mediation outcome - Assignment Example A normal mediation session takes three hours to complete and is attended by both the parties. Mediation is fair, efficient and does not require lengthy litigation and investigation. II. ROLE OF THE MEDIATOR The role of the mediator differs in four different phases of mediation.1 He generally is a contract facilitator. The different roles of the mediator are mentioned below; A. The pre-mediation phase This is considered as the most important part of the mediation process. In this phase, the mediator can create a strong base for mediation process. He has to see if the case is suitable for mediation or not. Some cases cannot be resolved through mediation like criminal matters2 thus he has to see whether the mediation should proceed or not. The mediator also has to check the flexibility of both the parties as the end result of the mediation will be ‘a contract’3 and thus it has to be assessed whether both the sides have the capacity to enter into a contract or not. The last thing that has to be checked is the representation of both the parties, the mediator has to check that the representatives are representing according to the law and their authority over the party has to be checked, so that it should be in the mediator’s knowledge that what kind of agreement the representatives can sign. B. ... e mediator engages both the parties in a detailed discussion in which both of them try to understand each other’s point of view and perspective; the third duty, which is being performed by the mediator in this session, is to influence the parties to settle the dispute, to make them reach an agreement and to resolve the dispute; and the last task, that a mediator performs during this session, is to engage both the parties in a thorough discussion regarding the issues which they have agreed upon. During this session the parties discuss past and present agendas, whereas, discussing future issues is optional, even though, the discussion of the future issues is essential for this session as it enables the parties to understand each other’s interests and goals. After this session the mediator and both the parties will be aware of each other’s point of views, goals and interests. Each party will now be able to frame a proposal that will satisfy its interests. In additio n to that, it will also be able to put forward an offer that will be acceptable by the other party. The mediator will now help the parties to check the accessibility and practicability of their offers. C. The separate session ( the private session) In this stage the mediator tries to detect and put forth the issues that the parties did not discuss in the last session, to enable the parties to reach realistic options that satisfy the needs and interests of both the parties and to guide the parties to negotiate on these options in the upcoming session. The role played by mediator in this phase includes the following; firstly, the mediator has to ensure both the parties that the private session is strictly confidential and therefore they can discuss the issues and agendas which they did not discuss in the