Essay on The Evolution of the Power of the Presidency

The Evolution of the Power of the Presidency The views of the presidency by the first sixteen presidents varied widely but all of their actions set precedents for their successors to use, expand, or even curtail the power of the office. Some believed in the Whig theory of strict adherence to the constitution, while others believed the president was the steward of the people with a loose interpretation of it. The power of the office expanded through the years, however it only expanded as far as the public and congress allowed. George Washington was the first President of the United States of America and realizing this he acted carefully and deliberately, aware of the need to build an executive structure that could accommodate future†¦show more content†¦President Jefferson was the first to pass out the rewards of the spoils system. In his second term he became the first President to use economic sanctions against a foreign power, with the embargo act of 1807, in order to achieve a goal. With the exception of the Louisiana Purchase, Jeffersons administration was a negative presidency in that it rolled back federal policies. His economic policies enabled future presidents to use the foreign treaty powers as a weapon in diplomatic negotiations with other countries without interference from congress. In the election that ended the Era of good feelings(1824) John Q. Adams won the presidency. While he was not a very powerful president himself, he is responsible for the beginning of the legislative role of the presidency. He believed the role of the president was to be a steward of the people and favored a loose interpretation of the constitution. He advocated internal improvements such as better roads, canals, schools, and a better army and navy. The action of Adams in an attempt to get the federal government to finance those projects is the basis that is used to legitimize federal funding even today. Andrew Jackson is arguably one of the most influential presidents in history. He believed that government had a social obligation to the people and that it was the most democratic branch. He was the first president to create a grassroots politicalShow MoreRelatedPresidency as an Institution1265 Words   |  6 PagesThe Presidency as an institution Both the administration of Carter and Reagan were shaped by the Cold War in the aftermath of Watergate. Watergate created cynicism of the government, which in turn made governing difficult both intentionally as well as improvisational because the institution of the President was seen as acting in the best interest of itself. President Jimmy Carter and President Ronald Reagan both had their difficulties as President. Carter had terrible problems with economics asRead More Presidency as an institution Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pages The Presidency as an institution Both the administration of Carter and Reagan were shaped by the Cold War in the aftermath of Watergate. Watergate created cynicism of the government, which in turn made governing difficult both intentionally as well as improvisational because the institution of the President was seen as acting in the best interest of itself. President Jimmy Carter and President Ronald Reagan both had their difficulties as President. Carter had terrible problems with economics asRead MoreThe President Of The United States1037 Words   |  5 Pagesexpect this to be the case. Constitutional provisions limited the early presidency. James Madison, the Father of the Constitution†, was worried that the power balance tilted toward the House of Representatives. 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Our elected officials follow the same rule of law as the people they govern, and it is the electorate’s hope that the laws they enforce are inevitably followed. However, this is not always the case, and during the thirty-seventh presidency of the United States, the people’s trust of our executive office was shaken by a corrupt Nixon

Decline Of Oil Industry And How Humanity Has Become So...

This report focuses on the decline of the oil industry and how humanity has become so reliant on it. It discusses how we as a society have come this far to rely on oil, what our world will be after peak oil, and what we can to do prevent peak oil or reduce the impact of peak oil. Since oil was discovered, it was clear just how useful it could be. Every component in crude oil was found to be useful in one form or another by processes such as distillation and catalytic cracking. After realizing that the world supply of oil is not endless, society did not make efforts to stop the reliance on oil, but instead invest more money into it. Now, we are closer than ever to running out of our oil supply, yet we are still putting money towards†¦show more content†¦Though there are arguments as to when this depletion in oil will begin, it is undeniable that the lack of oil will cause tremendous problems to today’s society. In order to avoid the sudden drop in production, we must make moves to prepare ourselves and incorporate new and different technology to replace all that we use oil products for. History For as long as most people can remember, oil has been depended on. Though oil has been used for thousands of years, it has only been popularized in the last couple centuries. Oil began as living organisms living in the ocean many years ago. These organisms absorbed sunlight and stored carbon, upon dying, they sunk to the bottom of the ocean to be buried underneath layers of sediment and other organisms. Due to the amount of heat and pressure from the bottom of the ocean, either natural gas or petroleum is formed. (Shah) Beginning of Oil The first oil drilling was in 1859 in Pennsylvania by the Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company of Connecticut. J.D. Rockefeller became interested and knew that the industry was soon to be big and, he

General Biology Ii Study Guide (Online Class) Free Essays

string(79) " Jellies and corals are members of the same _____, all members of which _____\." 1. Is the gametophyte stage dominant in Bryophytes? Yes or No 2. Most plants have vascular tissue; these constitute the ________ plants. We will write a custom essay sample on General Biology Ii Study Guide (Online Class) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Vascular 3. Seeds can lie dormant for many years. True 4. Bryophytes are small because they lack ______. Vascular Tissue 5. Leaves increase the surface area for photosynthesis. True 6. Seeds contain _____ inside of a protective coat. Nutrient supply, embryo 7. Angiosperms produce seeds that are often enclosed by _____. Fruit 8. _____ transports water in vascular plant. Xylem 9. Pollen is usually dispersed by _____. Wind 10. A ________________ is an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat. Seed 11. Which phylum includes ferns? Phylum Pterophyta 12. ________________ are organs that anchor vascular plants. Roots 13. What is the difference in reproduction between a blueberry bush and a pine tree? Pine trees do not produce flowers and produce seeds that are not enclosed by fruit. Blueberry bushes produce flowers and produce seeds enclosed by fruit. 14. Seedless vascular plants reproduce via spores contained inside seeds. False 15. Experiment 2 in lab showed that _____. Plants take up carbon dioxide. 16. Non-vascular plants are commonly called ______. Bryophytes 17. Which phylum are the moss in? Bryophyta 18. Bryophytes require _____ for fertilization to occur. Water 19. A fern is a seedless vascular plant. True 20. Lab experiment 1 for this week clearly showed that _____. Aquatic plants will produce gas when exposed to light. 21. Gymnosperms do not produce seeds. False 22. _____ transports sugars in vascular plants. Phloem 23. Describe two things that are unique to angiosperms that help them in reproduction. They have flowers and the ability of â€Å"double fertilization†. 24. A ______ is a passageway for oxygen and carbon dioxide. They are holes in the underside of a leaf. toma (pl. stomata) 25. Vascular tissue arrangement is directly related to the stem’s ability for _______________ growth. Secondary 26. Trichomes can protect a plant from predation by herbivores. True 27. The ground tissue cells called _____ cells are the most common type of plant cell and carry out photosynthesis. Parenchyma 28. Which part of the root would you look in if you wanted to find a cell going through mitosis (cell reproduction)? Zone of cell division 29. Which type of vascular tissue allows the movement of water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves? Xylem 30. What structure protects the root as it pushes its way through the soil? Root cap 31. All plant cells contain secondary cell walls. False 32. _______________ meristems are located at the tips of stems and roots. Apical 33. Which type of plant tissue is for protection? Dermal 34. Which type of vascular tissue carries sugars to all parts of the plant. Phloem 35. The alternate form of leaf arrangement is the most common of the three types of leaf arrangement. True 36. What are plant cell walls made of? Cellulose 37. Vascular plants have a have a specialized circulation system composed of [x] and [y]. X=Xylem, Y=Phloem 38. Which plant organ is a beet? Root 39. Guard cells are responsible for closing and opening the lenticellular maculation. False 40. The diffusion of water vapor from a plant is called ____. Transpiration 41. Some kinds of plants live without ever making contact with the soil. True 42. Which plant organ helps to anchor them in the soil and absorb water and minerals? Roots 43. Explain why the carnation changed colors in Experiment #2 in the Plant Circulation lab. The process of water moving through the vascular tissue of the plant. As the water moved through the flower it carried the dye with it. 44. Lateral meristems are found in plants that exhibit ____ growth. Secondary 45. The shoot system consists of the underground portion of the plant. False 46. Secondary growth is an increase in the _____ of the plant. Width or girth 47. _____ are members of the phylum _____ and feed by _____. Sea anemones †¦ Cnidaria †¦ using stinging cells to capture small animals that venture too close to them 48. Planarians lack dedicated respiratory and circulatory systems because none of their cells are far removed from the gastrovascular cavity or from the external environment because they are flat. 49. Annelids _____. have a mouth that is separate from the anus and segments 50. A sponge’s structural materials (spicules, spongin) are manufactured by the Amoebocytes 51. In sponges which cell captures food? Choanocyte or collar cell 52. In most insects, gas exchange is accomplished by _____. A tracheal system with spiracles, trachea, and tracheoles 53. A land snail, a clam, and an octopus all share Membership in Phylum Mollusca 54. A major characteristic of arthropods is _____. A chitinous exoskeleton and jointed appendages 55. In arthropods, molting is necessary because _____. The hard exoskeleton cannot grow. 56. Humans most frequently acquire trichinosis (infection by Trichinella spiralis) by Eating undercooked pork 57. Which of the following describe(s) echinoderms? Tubefeet provide motility in most species 58. Which clade in the phylum Cnidaria includes â€Å"jellies† with rounded (as opposed to boxlike) medusae? Scyphozoa 59. Sponges are most accurately described as Aquatic filter feeders 60. Sponges lack _____. All of the listed responses are correct. 61. Consider the following list of animals: giant squid, earthworm, largemouth bass, snail, tapeworm, coral, and starfish. The two that belong to the same phylum are the _____, and their phylum is _____. giant squid and snail †¦ Mollusca 62. Corals are most closely related to which group? Sea anemones 63. Which letter is pointing to the part of the flower that attracts insects? H 64. Which letter is pointing to the stamen? A 65. An unidentified species of animal displays the following characteristics: bilateral symmetry, a complete digestive system, an open circulatory system, distinct body segmentation, it has six jointed walking legs, and it molts when it grows. To which of the following animal phyla does this species most likely belong? Arthropoda 66. Jellies and corals are members of the same _____, all members of which _____. You read "General Biology Ii Study Guide (Online Class)" in category "Papers" phylum †¦ have special stinging cells on their tentacles 67. A terrestrial mollusc without a shell would be called a _____. Slug 68. Leeches are members of the phylum _____. Annelida 69. Tapeworms are highly specialized worms that make their living as endoparasites. To which of the following phyla do the tapeworms belong? Phylum Platyhelminthes 70. Sponges feed by _____. Filtering small particles from water Read also Lab 2 Biology 71. An active marine predator is found possessing these characteristics: a series of tentacles (eight of them modified from the foot) on its head, a highly developed nervous system, and elaborate eyes. To which of the following animal classes does this organism most likely belong? Cephalopoda 72. List the four key characteristics of chordates. Notochord Dorsal hollow nerve cord Muscular post anal tail Pharyngeal slits 73. What is the single unique characteristic that distinguishes extant birds from other extant vertebrates? Feathers 74. Most reptiles are ______ which means they cannot regulate their own body temperature. Cold-blooded and ectothermic 75. How would you tell the difference between a reptile egg and a bird egg? The reptile egg will have a flexible leathery shell and the bird egg will have a hard shell. 76. A sea star is an invertebrate. True 77. If an animal has hair, feeds its young milk, an lays eggs it is a ______. monotreme platypus echidna spiny anteater 78. Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough? It allows deposition of eggs in a terrestrial environment. 79. Turtles are reptiles. True 80. What is the main difference between the skeleton of a shark and a trout? The shark has a skeleton made of cartilage, while a trout has a skeleton made of bone. 81. Sharks are classified in which class? Chondrichthyes 82. Birds _____. Warm-blooded 83. Chordates have ___________ symmetry. Bilateral 84. The gill flap, or operculum, was an important adaptation for fish because it helps with _____. Maintaining a supply of action 85. Which of these characteristics added most to vertebrate success in relatively dry environments? The shelled, amniotic egg 86. A frog is an invertebrate. False 87. Amphibians can lay their eggs on land without fear of them drying out because they lay eggs with a flexible shell. False 88. The opossum is an example of a(n) _____ mammal. Marsupial 89. Which of the following animals is an amphibian? Caecilian 90. A kangaroo or an opossum is a ______. Marsupial 91. All mammals _____. Nourish their offspring through mammary glands 92. The swim bladder of ray-finned fishes Provides for regulation of buoyancy. 93. Habitat loss, the spread of a fungal disease, climate change, and pollution are causing severe population declines and extinction in _____. Amphibians 94. Pick the example of the invertebrate chordate from the list below. Lancelet 95. Some sharks are viviparous, which means that _____. The young develop within the female’s body. 96. Which of the six major types of connective tissue has a rigid matrix that contains collagen and calcium salts? Bone 97. In vertebrates the space between cells if filled with blood. False 98. Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up Organs 99. __________ animals generate heat by metabolism. Endothermic 100. Food processing, absorption, and distribution in your body are mainly accomplished by the _____ systems. Digestive and circulatory 101. Do hormone signals functions faster than nerve signals? No 102. Ligaments are what kind of connective tissue? A type of fibrous connective tissue 103. Positive feedback differs from negative feedback in that The positive feedback’s effector responses are in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite to it. 104. Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by Smooth muscle 105. Fibroblasts secrete Proteins for connective fibers 106. Hormones _____. All of the listed responses are correct. 107. __________ is the study of the biological functions an organism performs. Physiology 108. Endothermy Is a characteristic of animals that have a fairly constant body temperature. 109. What covers the outside of the body and lines the organs and cavities within the body? Epithelial tissue 110. _____ feedback most directly maintains homeostasis because it _____. Negative †¦ tends to keep a system at a desirable â€Å"set point† 111. Which of the following are connective tissues? Adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood 112. The cells lining the air sacs in the lungs make up a Simple squamous epithelium. 113. Explain what happened to your egg or bone in lab this week, why it happened, and what caused it. The egg shell or bone softened and became flexible because the calcium salts were removed from the egg shell or bone by the vinegar (mild acid). 114. Tendons connect bones at joints. False 115. If we could only carry out digestion but not absorption we would die. True 116. List the three major types of blood vessels. Arteries, veins, and capillaries 117. When you shiver your muscular system is _____. Producing heat 118. Interstitial fluid once it has entered the lymphatic vessels is called ____. Lymph 119. Which system eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body? Urinary system 120. Which type of muscle is voluntary? Skeletal 121. Weight bearing exercise will do what for the skeleton? Strengthen it 122. The organs that produce sperm are the ovaries. False. 123. When your body needs calcium for the blood where does it come from assuming the diet is inadequate? The bones or skeletal system. 124. The organ level of structural organization comes before the tissue level of structural organization. False 125. The integration and command center of the body is the _____. Central nervous system 126. Which pigment is most responsible for dark skin color? Melanin 127. One function of the integumentary system is to make vitamin _____. D 128. The tube that leads into the lungs is called the ____. Trachea 129. Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart? Arteries 130. Which type of muscle would propel food through the digestive tract? Smooth 131. Place the following regions of the skin in the correct order from top (most superficial) to bottom (deepest). Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis 132. List the two components of the central nervous system. Brain and spinal cord 133. The digestive process depends on _____. Enzymes 134. The kidneys are part of which system? Urinary 135. The body system that forms the external body covering is called the ____ system. Integumentary 136. What kinds of cells does the skeletal system make? Blood cells 137. The system that returns interstitial fluid back to the blood is the ___ system. Lymphatic 138. The liver is part of the digestive system. True 139. Mammary glands are specialized sweat glands that produce milk. True 140. How are humans altering the carbon cycle? Burning fossil fuels 141. The phosphorous cycle depends on the weathering of ____. Rock 142. Herbivores eat ____. Plants 143. The nitrogen cycle relies heavily on ____. Bacteria 144. Fertilizer use will alter the nitrogen cycle balance. True 145.The competitive exclusion principle states that two species cannot coexist in a community if their niches are identical. True 146. Deforestation and herbicide use will increase the loss of nutrients from the soil. True 147. Which type of consumer preys on the producers? Primary consumer 148. Acid rain will remove calcium from the soil just like it removed calcium from the egg or bone in lab. True 149. What drives the global water cycle? Solar energy 150. Competition may limit the growth of both species involved. True 151. A ______ includes all the organisms inhabiting a particular area. Community 152. The type of symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is not significantly affected is called ____. Commensalism 153. The gradual colonization of barren rocks is called _____. Primary succession 154. ________ may occur when a shared resource is limited. Competition 155. Which of the following trophic levels would have the lowest population size? Tertiary consumer 156. What two processes does the carbon cycle depend on? Cellular respiration and photosynthesis 157. Energy flows into ecosystems in the form of _____ and exits in the form of ______. Light energy, heat 158. Which pH did the radish seeds grow best at? The radish seeds would have grown best at a pH near neutral (pH 7) 159. Predation can lead to adaptations like _______ and ________ such as poisons. Camouflage and chemical defenses 160. Food chains interconnect forming _____. Food webs 161. What process is essential for recycling nutrients in an ecosystem? Decomposition 162. How much of the energy stored at each trophic level is available to the next level? 10% 163. Thorns and poisons are a defense against ______. Herbivores 164. List the three types of symbiotic relationships. Parasitism, commensalism, mutualism. 165. Dams alter ecosystems both upstream and downstream. True 166. Which type of resource cannot be replenished? Non-renewable 167. _______ is the variety of life on earth. Biodiversity 168. Wetlands filter pollution and limit flooding. True 169. Modern farming practices reduce the loss of ____. Topsoil 170. Alien species in an area can cause ____. Extinction 171. Popcorn trees are an example of an alien species. True 172. Desertification removes the base of the food chain. True 173. Light pollution can affect ecosystems. True 174. ______ ______ produce greenhouse gases. Fossil Fuels How to cite General Biology Ii Study Guide (Online Class), Papers

Impact of relocating sendong survivor of barangay bayug iligan city after the typhoon sendong free essay sample

Iligan City was one of the places in the Philippines devastated by Typhoon Sendong(International name: Washi) last December 17, 2011out of the 44 Barangay that compose IliganCity, 22 Barangay were severally affected. Six thousand (6,000) families were displaced and have received different kinds of survival assistance and support worldwide. However, Bayug Island a part of Barangay Bayug has been declared as no Man’s LAND or Danger Zone (because its 6 -7 feet below sea level) for men resident are no longer allowed to reside in that place. More that five hundred household need to be relocated in different relocation areas designated by the local and national government to include local national and international (NGO’s). There is urgent call for all benefactors ( local, national and international) to find an appropriate area to become the permanent relocation site for the Typhoon Sendong family victims This research focuses on the relocation of the Sendong Victim towards to their new relocation and socialization of the victims in Barangay Bayug Island, however the researcher choose this topic in order to guide the respondents for their improvement in making harmonious relationship and psychological status Theoretical Framework This study used the following Socialization theories by (Freud) and Neurosis Theory by (Horney). We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of relocating sendong survivor of barangay bayug iligan city after the typhoon sendong or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Socialization is an integral part of the process every human being, regardless of gender, culture or geographical location, goes through from childhood through adulthood. It is a never-ending process. But it is especially important during the formative years of a person’s life. In brief, socialization can be described as the process by which an individual acquires his or her own personal identity. He or she learns the values, norms, social behavioral patterns and social skills needed to integrate in and become a functioning member of their particular society. Musgrave (1998) said that Socialization is education in the broadest sense: It is the process whereby one acquires a sense of personal identity and learns what people in the surrounding culture believe and how they expect one to behave† Socialization is broadly categorized into two: primary and secondary socialization. Primary socialization is phenomenal during infancy and early childhood while secondary socialization is most prevalent after early childhood and continues even in old age. In addition, secondary socialization incorporates a term resocialization. Resocialization refers to the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of transition in one’s life. It is most prevalent in reform schools, political indoctrination camps, prisons and therapy groups. Horneys theory is perhaps the best theory of neurosis we have. First, she offered a different way of viewing neurosis. She saw it as much more continuous with normal life as previous theorists. Specifically, she saw neurosis as an attempt to make life bearable, as a way of interpersonal control and coping. This is, of course, what we all strive to do on a day-to-day basis, only most of us seem to be doing alright, while the neurotic seems to be sinking fast. From her experiences as a psychiatrist, Horney named ten patterns of neurotic needs. [9] These ten needs are based upon things which she thought all humans require succeeding in life. Horney modified these needs somewhat to correspond with what she believed were individuals neuroses. A neurotic person could theoretically exhibit all of these needs, though in practice much fewer than the ten here need to be present for a person to be considered a neurotic. The ten needs, as set out by Horney, (classified according to her so-called coping strategies) are as follows: Moving Toward People 1. The need for affection and approval; pleasing others and being liked by them. 2. The need for a partner; one whom they can love and who will solve all problems. Moving Against People 3. The need for power; the ability to bend wills and achieve control over others—while most persons seek strength, the neurotic may be desperate for it. 4. The need to exploit others; to get the better of them. To become manipulative, fostering the belief that people are there simply to be used. 5. The need for social recognition; prestige and limelight. 6. The need for personal admiration; for both inner and outer qualities—to be valued. 7. The need for personal achievement; though virtually all persons wish to make achievements, as with No. 3, the neurotic may be desperate for achievement. Moving Away from People 8. The need for self sufficiency and independence; while most desire some autonomy, the neurotic may simply wish to discard other individuals entirely. 9. The need for perfection; while many are driven to perfect their lives in the form of well being, the neurotic may display a fear of being slightly flawed. 10. Lastly, the need to restrict life practices to within narrow borders; to live as inconspicuous a life as possible. Horney noticed that, in contrast to our stereotypes of children as weak and passive, their first reaction to parental indifference is anger, a response she calls basic hostility. To be frustrated first leads to an effort at protesting the injustice! Conceptual Framework In order to gain clearer understand on the schematic diagram of the study, this section presented to conceptual framework of the study which focuses on the relationship of the variables of Impact of Relocating Sendong Survivor as show in figure 1. Independent variable in this study focuses on the personal profile of the Sendong Victim and their socialization process. Figure 1. The schematic diagram showing the interplay of variables in the study. Statement of the Problem The main thrust of this research was to find out the Impact of Relocating the Sendong Victim toward to their new communities and common problems of socialization process Specifically, this research sought to answer the following question: 1. Socio – Demographic profile of the Respondent. 1. 1 Gender 1. 2 Age 1. 3 Civil Status; and 1. 4 Educational Background? 2. Coping Mechanism of the survivors after the typhoon sendong. 2. 1 Cognitive Mechanism 2. 2 Conversion Mechanism 2. 3 Adaptive Mechanism 2. 4 Avoidance Mechanism 3. Advantage and Disadvantage of Relocation. 4. Effect of relocation to the livelihood of Sendong Survivors. 5. Common problems in the relocation area and how did they address the problems. 6. What can the survivors say in Relocation then? Hypothesis Ho1 there is a great significant of the profile of sendong victim respondent and the impact of survey because profile can be use as bases for the solution of sending victim relocation problem. Significance The results of findings of this study provide more knowledge and information to the brangay / city official to the department of social welfare and development office, and the other national agencies which are responsible for expending humanitarian services Specifically, the study would be greater help by giving black and white written result of the survey and this would encourage unity and collaboration among all other sectors in the society. Scope and Limitation The research work is focus on the impact of senoding survivor relocation situation in their relation family, educational, and social growth in development Those who are victims of sendong survivor family who where victims of typhoon sendong last December 17, 2011. Respondent. Actual interviewed 9 heads of the family beneficiaries. Income. They are provided in kind material, food, health, education material and their psychosocial activity needs Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN My research procedure required actual interview from the Sendong Victim beneficiary. The facts gathered were analyzed and became the basis of recommendation/suggestions to the authority concern for proper resolution Research Design The survey was conducted through guide questionnaire presented and answered by respondents which hdone on the 25th day of August 2012. Emotion, psychological and mental condition of respondents were taken seriously by human consideration, respect and understanding. The results of the survey were strictly kept confidential and official. Research Environment The study was conducted at Barangay Sta. Elina, Iligan City. Where the Sendong Survivor was relocated and most of them are from Barangay Bayug Island. Respondent The respondents of the study are the Sendong Survivor which has been relocated at Sta. Elina, the respondents of this inquiry representing 100% of the total population. Data Gathering Instrument The said questionnaire was distributed by the researcher personally but most of them are personal interviewed. The questionnaire that has been distributed would be left and retrieved after I finish my interview to the other respondents. This allowed the researcher to remind the respondents understanding and persuasive in conducting this survey and personally interview. Research Instrument The instrument used in this study employed structured questionnaire to gather the necessary data from the respondents. The draft of the questionnaire was writing out based on their situation in Barangay Sta. Elina. In the preparation of the instrument, the requirements in the design of good data collection instruments were considered. For instance, statement describing the situation or issues, of relocating the Sendong Survivor Respondents. In this way, the instrument is authorized to obtain valid response of the readers. Preference for the use of the structured questionnaire is premised on several research assumptions such as a) cost of being a least expensive means of gathering data, b) avoidance of personal bias, c) less pressure for immediate response and giving the respondents a greater feeling of anonymity. In the end, in encourage open response to sensitive issue at hand. Statistical Treatment of Data The researcher used percentage method as the statistical tool in analyzing and calculating the gathered data. Responses were converted into percentage using formula to determine the percentage per group data. The frequency of each group was simply divided by the total (N) of the population. Thus, the total percentage were equal to 100% P = (f/N)*100 Where: P = Percentage F = frequency N = total number of respondents Thus, P = (f/9)*100 Where, 6= total number of respondents Chapter 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSES, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA This chapter comprises the analysis, presentation and interpretation of the findings resulting from this study. The analysis and interpretation of data is carried out in two phases. The first part, which is based on the results of the questionnaire, deals with a quantitative analysis of data. The second, which is based on the results of the interview and focus group discussions, is a qualitative interpretation. Analysis of Questionnaires Of a total of 9 questionnaires distributed, only 3 completed questionnaires were the base for computing the results. The remaining (3) are non-response. This means that 3 questionnaire out of 6 questionnaire distributed, were completely discarded from the analysis. The rest, (3 questionnaire) were used to interpret the results. Data gathered through the questionnaire was subjected to frequency counts. In other words, the subjects responses for each individual question were added together to find the highest frequency of occurrence. These responses to the question, which are qualified, are then presented in percentage forms. This analysis is presented in tabular form. The researcher uses containing a variable and in some cases, combines two or more variables in single table. The first section of the questionnaire sought to identify the subject what are their coping mechanism did they uses in able to overcome their situation. It enables the researcher to identify the responses of those subjects who had never used a coping mechanism and exclude them from the analysis. 4. 1. 1 Profile of Respondent by Gender Gender Frequency Percentage Male 2 20% Female 4 70% Total 6 100% Table 1 shows that out of (6) respondents, two (2) or (20%) are male, while four (4) or (70%) are female. It shows that majority of the respondents are male. 4. 1. 2 Profile of Respondent by Gender Civil Status Frequency Percentage Single 0 0 Married 6 70% Total 6 100% Table 2 shows that all of the respondents are married. It implies that all of them have their siblings. 4. 1. 2 Profile of Respondent by Gender Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage High school level 0 0 High school graduate 1 10% College level 2 30% College graduate 3 60% Total 6 100% Table 3 shows that out of (6) respondents one (1) or (10%) of the respondents are in the high school graduate. The two (2) or (30%) is in the college level. While the last three (3) or (60%) of the respondents are college graduate. It implies that majority of the respondent are knowledgeable. 4. 1. 3How did you overcome to the things happing in your life, did you use sort of coping mechanism? VARIABLEFREQ. PERC. A = YES 4 70% B= NO 2 20% Table 3 shows that only 4 (70%) of the subject are using the coping mechanism in order to overcome the tragedies happing in their life. The rest 2 (20%) of the population are not using the coping mechanism, although there is a vast difference in the number. The total number of those who use coping mechanism will be used as a total sample size. The result is based on the subject’ experiences and not on speculation or what they believe or think, and should therefore be reliable. It also interesting to note the high number of subject who are using coping mechanism more than once. Chapter 5 SUMMARY OF FINDING, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION While the preceding chapters conferred the findings and analysis of this study, this chapter presents the summary of the findings, conclusion, and recommendation based on the previous chater. Summary of Findings The major findings of the study are the following: 1. Majority (70%) of the respondents are female 2. All (100%) of the respondents are married 3. Majority (60%) of the respondents are college graduate 4. Some (70%) are using the coping mechanism